Electric fencing is a system that uses electricity to keep animals, pests or people off an area of land. It consists of an electric fence energiser (controller), a series of conductors such as wire, tape or rope supported on insulators and fixed to posts, plus an earth system. The energizer produces pulses of high voltage that pass down the conductors. If an animal comes into contact with the live wires of the fence, it experiences a brief spasm that will deter further action.
Most modern energisers provide only short pulses of high voltage at a time, which makes them safe and effective. The pulses are produced by thyristor technology, which is similar to the way a welder works. The pulses are much shorter than those of early energizers, and are usually only one hundred millionths of a second long – making them much safer.
Unlike a welder, which is powered by DC current, an electric fence energizer runs on AC power. This means it may cause interference with radio signals and telephone lines if the conductive line runs too close to them. A high-quality energizer will have built-in features to limit this interference and prevent problems with other electrical equipment.
There is a wide range of materials that can be used as electrodes to create an electric charge in an electric fence, from plastics and coated ceramic to wood and dry animal hair. Each material has a different internal resistance (in ohms) to electricity and can vary in how well it holds an energized charge. Some materials have low ohms, such as fiberglass and plastic, while others have very high ohms, such as coated copper and some forms of steel.
The most important consideration in designing an electric fence malaysia is the quality of the grounding. It must be a good conductive path from the energizer to the earth. This is why all Gallagher energizers have an earth leakage-monitor and are supplied with pre-drilled galvanised grounding rods and clamps.
Plants growing under or touching the live wires of an electric fence drain energy from the energizer, so it is essential to trim and spray regularly. A newer development in energizers is the energy limiter, which allows current to flow normally through upper wires but delays it from reaching the lower ones that are in most contact with vegetation.
It is vital that an electric fence energizer has an effective, continuous-output grounding system, so the shocks it produces will not build up and damage the animals or humans that come into contact with them. A good grounding system will consist of three, 6-8 foot long, galvanized steel ground rods, spaced 2 meters apart from each other and connected back to the energizer using an appropriate amount of cable. It is also a good idea to run this cable inside a PVC pipe under gates and at the corners of an enclosure to increase the voltage across these areas. This will help to ensure that the fence functions in times of power outages or inclement weather.